Sheet pile walls are usually installed to support temporarily or permanently the excavations in unstable soils. In large depth the sheet piles are usually supported from lateral movements by anchorage or reciprocal supports.

Caissons are huge semi deep concrete foundation which provide enough balance and stability for its superstructure and usually is embedded on a previously improved ground. It is also applicable to use replaced granular soil to act as in minor concentrated loose sands.

Top-down method is a rapid method which enables builders to construct the substructure and superstructure simultaneously. Likewise it is used as an excavation stabilization method in cases where you can’t or you are not allowed to use the other geotechnical methods such as soil nailing and soil anchorage.

Shotcrete is a process of spraying concrete to the soil faced walls to create a concrete facing for reducing erosion and weathering of soil and rock. Also it is a structural part in soil stabilizing methods and tunneling as well. It could be reinforced by steel or PP fibers and steel wire mesh.